Regular past simple pronunciation rules

The regular past simple ending (-ed) can be pronounced in 3 different ways:

1.      –ed is pronounced /t/ after verbs ending in these unvoiced sounds:

/k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /S/, /T/ and /tS/

Examples: booked, hoped, laughed, passed, washed, watched.

2.      After voiced verb endings –ed is pronounced /d/

These sounds are all vowels and /b/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /Z/, /dZ/, /D/, /l/, /m/, /n/

Examples: dubbed, begged, loved, realised, measured, changed, travelled, slammed, signed

3.      After verbs ending in /d/ or /t/ the pronunciation of –ed is /id/

Examples:

Exported, flooded, ended, hunted, rented, shouted.